Sport Specific Injuries

Ballet / Dancing Injuries

• Os Trigonum impingement / Posterior Ankle Impingement
• Internal type Snapping hip
• FHL tendinitis
• Navicular Stress Fracture
• Pelvic Apophysitis
• Scoliosis
• Achilles tendonitis

Baseball Injuries

• OCD of the Capitellum:
• Commotio Cordis
• Little league shoulder
• Little league elbow
• Hypothenar hammer syndrome
• Posterior GH instability
• Mallet Finger
• Scapular Dyskinesis
• Tooth avulsion
• Olecranon Stress Fracture
• Hook of the Hamate fracture
• Posterior Elbow Impingement
• Ulnar neuropathy
• MCL of the Elbow tear
• Suprascapular Neuropathy
• SLAP lesion
• Internal Impingement
• Concussion
• Radiocapitellar synovial plica (Kim DH, AJSM 2006;34:438).
• Lesser Tuberosity Stress Fracture
• Throwers Exostosis
• Medial Epicondyle Avulsion
• Medial Epicondle Apophysitis
• Long-head of biceps rupture
• Elbow arthritis
• Radiocapitellar Arthritis
• Snapping Triceps
• Rib Stress Fracture
• Axillary Artery
• Effort Thrombosis
• Thrower's Ten Exercise Program

Basketball Injuries

• Tibiofibular synostosis
• Ankle Sprain / Instability
• Navicular Stress Fracture
• Patellar Tendonitis
• Achilles tendonitis
• Radiocapitellar synovial plica

Boxing Injuries

• Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
• Metacarpal neck fracture
• Metacarpal shaft fracture
• Posterior Elbow Impingement (Valkering KP, AJSM 2008:36:328)

Chearleading

• AOSSM info

Cycling Injuries

• Guyon Canal syndrome
• Clavicle fracture

Diving Injuries

• Cervical Spine Fracture
• Concussion
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Spondylolysis

Equestrian Injuries

• Injury rate = 1/350 to 1/1,000 riding hours. 15%-27% of injuries are severe enough for hospital admission.
• Spondylolysis: cervical and lumbar.
• Clavicle fracture
• Petridou E, J Trauma 2004;56:643; Lim J, ANZ J Surg 2003;73:567

Figure Skating Injuries

• Spondylolysis

Football Injuries

• Achilles Tendonitis
• Acromioclavicular Separation
• Concussion
• ACL tear
• MCL tear
• LCL tear
• PCL tear
• High Ankle Sprain
• Hip Pointer
• Iliotibial band friction syndrome
• Meniscal Tear
• Turf Toe
• Sports Hernia
• Hamstring pull/tear
• Medial tibial stress syndrome (Shin splints)
• Clavicle fracture
• RTC tear
• Spondylolysis
• Posterior GH instability (lineman)
• Mallet Finger
• Jersey Finger
• Burner Syndrome
• Herniated disc
• Shoulder Dislocation
• Prophylaxis: knee bracing decreases the risk of MCL injury, but does not affect ACL or LCL injuries (Najibi S, AJSM 2005;33:602).
• Triceps Tendon Rupture. (Mair SD, AJSM 2004;32:431)
• Olecranon bursitis

Golf Injuries

• Medial Epicondylitis (Golfers Elbow)
• Hypothenar hammer syndrome
• Hook of the Hamate fracture
• Radiocapitellar synovial plica (Kim DH, AJSM 2006;34:438).
• AOSSM Golf Injuries

Gymnastics Injuries

• OCD of the Capitellum: <10% of gymnasts with Capitellar OCD will be able to return to sport. (Maffuli N, JPO, 1992;12:344).
• Patellofemoral pain.
• Spondylolysis
• Lumbar degenerative disc disease.
• Dorsal wrist capsulitis
• Madelung’s Deformity
• AOSSM Gymnastics

Hockey Injuries
-45.5% of professional hockey players will have radiographic abnormalities of the clavicle (Norfray AF, AJSM 1977;5:275).

• Commotio Cordis
• Athletic pubalgia (common cause is occult inguinal hernia). (Taylor MD, AJSM 1991;19:239).
• Dental Injuries (tooth avulsion, crown fracture
• Herniated disc
• Concussion
• Shoulder Dislocation
• Olecranon bursitis
• Distal Clavicle fracture
• Distal clavicle osteolysis
• Acromioclavicular separation
• Acromioclavicular arthritis
• Clavicle Fracture

Running Injuries

• Athletic pubalgia (common cause is occult inguinal hernia). (Taylor MD, AJSM 1991;19:239).
• Patellar Dislocation
• Navicular Stress Fracture
• Os Trigonum impingement / Posterior Ankle Impingement
• Femoral Neck Stress Fracture
• Pelvic Apophysitis
• Sacral stress fracture (female long distance runners)
• Achilles tendonitis
• Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
• AOSSM Running

Rowing Injuries

• Rib stress fracture (Davis BA, Curr Sports Med Rep 2003;2:281).
• Herniated disc.

Rugby Injuries

• Concussion
• ACL tear
• MCL tear
• Spondylolysis
• Mallet Finger
• Jersey Finger
• Burner Syndrome
• Herniated disc
• Shoulder Dislocation

Snowboarding Injuries

• Wrist fracture (Kocher MS, Sports Med. 1998;25:201)
• AOSSM Tips
• AOSSM Helmets

Snow skiing Injuries

• ACL tear and lateral meniscal tear
• Peroneal Tendon instability
• Triceps tendon rupture: Match RM, AJSM 1983;11:99
• Thumb UCL sprain (Kocher MS, Sports Med. 1998;25:201).
• AOSSM Tips
• AOSSM Helmets

Soccer Injuries

• Athletic pubalgia (common cause is occult inguinal hernia). (Taylor MD, AJSM 1991;19:239).
• ACL tear
• Peroneal Tendon instability
• Patellar Dislocation
• Os Trigonum impingement / Posterior Ankle Impingement
• Concussion

Softball Injuries

• Long-head of biceps rupture (Ferry AT, JSES 2009;18:e14)
• OCD of the Capitellum:
• Commotio Cordis
• Hypothenar hammer syndrome
• Posterior GH instability
• Mallet Finger
• Scapular Dyskinesis
• Dental Injuries: Tooth avulsion
• Eye injuries: malar fractures, ocular tearing, corneal abrasion, subconjunctival haemorrhage.
• Olecranon Stress Fracture
• Hook of the Hamate fracture
• Posterior Elbow Impingement
• Ulnar neuropathy
• MCL of the Elbow tear
• Suprascapular Neuropathy
• SLAP lesion
• Internal Impingement
• Concussion
• Radiocapitellar synovial plica (Kim DH, AJSM 2006;34:438).
• Lesser Tuberosity Stress Fracture
• Throwers Exostosis
• Medial Epicondyle Avulsion
• Medial Epicondle Apophysitis
• Long-head of biceps rupture
• Elbow arthritis
• Radiocapitellar Arthritis
• Snapping Triceps
• Rib Stress Fracture
• Axillary Artery
• Effort Thrombosis

Swimming Injuries

• Posterior GH instability
• MDI
• Hip Adductor strain/tear (Grote K, AJSM 2004;32:104).

Tennis Injuries

• Lateral Epicondylitis
• ECU instability
• Posterior GH instability
• Hook of the Hamate fracture
• Posterior Elbow Impingement
• Ulnar neuropathy
• MCL of the Elbow tear
• Achilles tendonitis
• Radiocapitellar synovial plica

Volleyball Injuries

• Suprascapular Neuropathy
• SLAP lesion
• Internal Impingement
• Patellar Tendonitis
• MDI
• Olecranon bursitis

Water Skiing / Wakeboarding Injuries

• Hamstring Rupture (water skiing)
• Head Injury (more common in wakeboarding) (Hostetler SG, AJSM 2005;33:1065).
• Lower extremity sprains
• Lacerations (most commonly facial)

Weight Lifting / Body Building Injuries

• Herniated disc.
• Distal clavicle osteolysis
• Triceps tendon rupture. Sherman OH, AJSM 1984;12:328.
• Pectoralis Major Tendon Rupture
• Posterior Elbow Impingement
• Steriod abuse
• Pronator Syndrome
• Long-head of biceps rupture(Cope MR, JSES 2004;13:580)
• Snapping Triceps
• Multidirectional Shoulder Instability
• AOSSM Beginning information

Wrestling Injuries

• Impetigo Contagiosa: bacterial infection spread by direct skin contact; generally from staph or strep. Appears as vesicles on erythematous base that may coalesce with hellow drainage, honey-colored crusting. RX: small areas=bactroban cream; large areas=PO cephalexin / dicloxacillin / erythromycin.
• Spondylolysis
• Olecranon bursitis
• AOSSM Wrestling