Glenoid Hypoplasia

synonyms:

Glenoid Hypoplasia ICD-9

Glenoid Hypoplasia Etiology / Epidemiology / Natural History

• Failure of the inferior glenoid to ossify
• Rare
• Generally bilateral and symmetric

Glenoid Hypoplasia Anatomy

• Gleniod is formed by consolidation of the secondary centers of ossification of the superior glenoid, inferior glenoid and coracoid process.

Glenoid Hypoplasia Clinical Evaluation

• May have decreased abduction, decreased forward flexion, mild acillary webbing
• Multidirectional instability

Glenoid Hypoplasia Xray / Diagnositc Tests

• A/P and Lateral view in the plane of the scapula, and axillary view.
• West Point view: patient prone with arm in 90° abduction and neutral rotation. Xray beam is directed 25° posterior to the horizontal plane and 25° medial to the vertical plane. Useful for evaluating the anterior glenoid rim.
• CT scan is best to evaluate bony anatomy.
• MRI arthrogram (gadolinium): the anterior and posterior labrum are best seen on axial images and appear as dark triangular structures.

Glenoid Hypoplasia Classification / Treatment

• Treatment: PT with ROM and strengthening exercses focused on deltoid, RTC and parascapular muscles.

Glenoid Hypoplasia Associated Injuries / Differential Diagnosis

• Skeletal dysplacia
• Mucopolysaccharidosis
• Holt-Oram Syndrome
• Apert's syndrome
• Cornelia de Lange's Syndrome

Glenoid Hypoplasia Complications

Glenoid Hypoplasia Follow-up Care

Glenoid Hypoplasia Review References

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